Cell Membranes and Structure
The only commonality that each cell has with another is its membrane. Membrane is essentially a combination of phospholipids. As a result, cytoplasm and cytosol ions can move in and out of the cell. The plasma membrane, however, is made up of lipids and proteins.
Molecules play a key role in helping the cell survive in complex organelles.
It’s important to remember that every cell has uniquely structured cellular organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts. A cell is generated either through asexual or sexual activity that occurs in tissues, organs, and systems, eventually building up an individual.
The nuclear parts of the body are the nucleus, chromosomes, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, and nucleoplasm. Moreover, ribosomes, Golgi complex, vacuoles, vesicles, cytoskeleton, microtubules, cytosol, cytoplasm, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrion are structured elements of the cell system.
The reproduction of the cell refers to the cell cycle that complex organisms use to remain functional. One of the most common reproductions of the human cell cycle is our regeneration of the skin. Furthermore, when the cell is classified, it is known to be cell differentiation.
The events that occur during mitosis may range from interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase to cytokinesis phase. It is, however, important to remember that the different events may occur under meiosis phase.
Tissues
Tissues are divided into four categories that include muscle, nerve, epithelial, and connective tissue. Also, don’t forget that tissues are groups of cells formed to serve a specific function. Additionally, they can be further classified as epithelial, connective, cartilage, blood, and bone tissues.
Our bodies are designed to protect themselves from any damage, injury or infection through histamines and cytokines healing process. Moreover, neutrophils and macrophages deactivate any pathogens in the body.
The healing and repair mechanism on the surface tissue would require a minimum amount of time whereas the deeper tissues mostly need more time to heal.
Organs and Types of Body Planes
The heart of the body is composed of muscle tissue in the myocardium and also connective tissue in the blood and membranes. It is responsible and designed to pump blood throughout our body. Note that organs are simply groups of tissues that collaborate to perform specific functions.
Structural changes and movement in the body are divided into sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes. Medial, lateral, proximal, distal, anterior, posterior, cephalad, caudad, superior, and inferior are some of the common terms used to identify each organ’s positioning and direction.
Respiratory System
The respiratory system provides an ample amount of oxygen supply to the body. Furthermore, the respiratory system warms and filters the quality of air before it reaches the lungs.
Nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, and larynx represent the upper respiratory system while the lungs, trachea, and bronchial tree come under the lower respiratory system. Moreover, the lung has three lobes on the right and two on the left that leaves space for the heart.
The entire breathing process is dependent on the brain stem called medulla oblongata, which primarily monitors the intake of carbon dioxide in the blood. Similarly, when our body inhales, the muscles contract and move down, whereas, exhalation relaxes the intercostal contraction of muscles and ribs.
Cardiovascular System
The circulatory system focuses on the transport of substances in and out of the cells and eliminates waste. It’s divided into primary functions with blood, blood vessels, and heart. Also, infections are kept at bay by white blood cells.
The heart, on the other hand, is a made up of cardiac muscle tissue where valves generally move the blood in a single direction. And each heartbeat is generated through an electrical system that regulates the body muscle cells to produce signals.
Now, keep in mind that the blood pressure is bodily fluid which is pressurized by cardiac cycle. The blood circulation, however, is divided into the coronary, pulmonary, and systemic circulation.
Gastrointestinal System
Almost all digestive systems function through movement, secretion, digestion, and absorption of nutrients. The process of digestion begins with the breakdown of nutrients.
The liver is another vital organ in the gastrointestinal system; it is a singular large organ. It’s a fairly large organ that performs the production of biles, blood plasma proteins, and cholesterol. It also purifies the blood, helps process hemoglobin, and stores excess glucose.
And moving on to the intestines, the large colon centralizes, mixes and stores waste material whereas the small intestine is responsible for absorbing most of the nutrients in the digestive process. Pancreas breaks down the fats and proteins by secreting enzymes.
Nervous System
The central nervous system in the body is composed of the spinal cord and brain. Neurons are in charge of intercepting, sensing, and issuing commands as a response mechanism to our surroundings.
And the nervous system that triggers the “fight or flight” instinct in the body is called the peripheral nervous system and parasympathetic nerves. The automatic nervous system, on the other hand, maintains internal organs, blood vessels, smooth muscle tissues, and glands.
Muscular System
All human muscles have three basic functional properties that are excitability, contraction, and elongation. The skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle are three types of muscular tissues.
Skeletal muscles are voluntarily tied together in bundles and are composed of fibers. Smooth muscles function in the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels, whereas, cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart.
Endocrine System
The nervous system and endocrine system are closely associated though endocrine, which is responsible for gathering hormones that regular the basic functionality of the body for a long time.
Reproductive System
In the male reproductive system, epididymis stores the sperm at the time of maturity and is extracted through vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct.
And the female reproductive system relies on the production of egg cells that could be transferred through the fertilization process, ultimately leading to the development of an embryo.
Integumentary System
The skin, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, and nail represent the integumentary system, which protects the body from pathogens, and viruses.
Skeletal System
The skeletal system provides structural and movement support to all 206 bones in the body.
An axial skeleton comprises the skull, sternum, ribs, and the spine with a total of 80 bones, while the appendicular skeleton includes hands, legs, hips, bones of arms, and shoulders.
Leave a Reply
Your email is safe with us.